Recognising signs of pain in your horse

As devoted horse owners, we share a special bond with our equine companions. This makes us the best placed to notice when our horses are unhappy. Yet, deciphering the subtle language horses use to communicate their discomfort or pain is not always easy, even when we know our horse ‘inside-out’. Here, we look at some of the classic signs of pain and discomfort in the equine to act as a checklist for you to run through each time you see your horse.

Changes in behaviour

Horses are highly expressive animals, and alterations in behaviour are often the first indicators of pain. Watch for deviations from their usual demeanour. A once docile horse may become irritable or aggressive, while a typically bold horse might display signs of lethargy or depression.

Spookiness

Horses experiencing pain are much more likely to enter a flight, fight or freeze response than a comfortable horse. As the pain has already aroused their nervous system, they are far more likely to be triggered by something in their environment than if they were in a calm, unaroused state. If your horse suddenly becomes much more spooky, it is worth considering pain as a cause.

Facial expressions

The horse’s face can be a revealing canvas of their emotions. Scrutinise their expressions for signs of tension, a furrowed brow, or a tight jaw. Ears pinned back, excessive eye blinking, and flared nostrils can all signal discomfort.

Changes in eating habits

Horses are creatures of habit, especially when it comes to mealtime. Any deviation from their regular eating patterns, such as a sudden disinterest in food or changes in chewing behaviour, could signify dental issues, gastric discomfort, or other pain-related concerns.

Grooming behaviours

A horse in pain may exhibit changes in their grooming habits, such as being unusually sensitive or intolerant of touch. Reluctance to be brushed, sensitivity around certain areas, or a defensive posture during grooming may all point to discomfort.

Altered movement patterns

Pain can manifest in the way a horse moves. Observe for lameness, stiffness, or reluctance to perform certain actions. If your horse exhibits an uneven gait, favours a particular limb, or resists engaging in physical activities, it may be indicative of underlying pain. Similarly, if they are unwilling to perform activities that they would usually do without issue, it is worth looking into whether they are experiencing discomfort of some kind.

Posture and weight distribution

Observing your horse’s stance and weight distribution can provide valuable insights. A horse in pain may stand in a way that relieves pressure on aching limbs or shifts their weight unevenly. Changes in how they carry themselves, such as a hunched back or an unlevel pelvis, warrant closer attention.

Respiratory changes

Pain can also impact a horse’s respiratory rate. Shallow breathing, rapid respiration, or signs of distress during breathing may suggest pain, particularly if there’s no apparent physical exertion.

Final thoughts

In our roles as the ‘voice of our horse’, it’s incumbent upon us to be vigilant observers of their behaviour. Recognising the signs of pain early on allows us to address underlying issues promptly and ensure the well-being of our equine companions. Regular veterinary check-ups, coupled with a deep understanding of your horse’s usual behaviour, will empower you to decipher the nuanced language they use to communicate discomfort.